The boy who loved Anne Frank By Hellena Feldman free essay sample

About everyone recognizes the name Anne Frank ; it is synonymous with humor, honestness and courage. Her journal has touched 1000000s. I ca nt conceive of anyone non being inspired by her narrative. Ellen Feldman, nevertheless, can. In her novel, The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank, she imagines a adult male who suffers a mental interruption at the mere sight of Anne s published journal. Why would the Hagiographas of a immature miss cause a adult male s mind to disintegrate? Because he is Peter new wave Pels, the male child who hid in the Annex with Anne and her household. He is Peter new wave Pels, the adult male who has tried urgently to bury his yesteryear. In the book s Recognitions subdivision, Feldman, a New York writer, describes her experience sing the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam in 1994. Her tour usher stated that the destinies of all the residents of the Annex were known, they were arrested on 04. We will write a custom essay sample on The boy who loved Anne Frank By Hellena Feldman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page August 1944, except for that of Peter.Ellen Feldman was fascinated by the thought that Peter might hold survived the Holocaust and decided to compose a book about how his life might hold turned out.. By the clip she discovered her usher had been misinformed ( harmonizing to a Dutch Red Cross dossier, Peter died in Mauthausen concentration cantonment on the 5th of may 1945, merely 3 yearss before its release ) , the character had already formed in her head.Peter new wave Pels, whose household name was listed as new wave Daan in THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK, allegedly stated to Anne while they were concealing in their Amsterdam Attic extension during the tallness of WWII that if he got out alive he would reinvent himself wholly. There is no direct grounds that Peter perished in the Nazi decease cantonments although this has been assumed by all who knew him, including Otto Frank so Feldman has taken this guess and built a fictional life around it. Therefore, it is Feldman s creative acti vity we meet in her book. When The Boy Who Loved Anne Frankclears, it is 1952 and an grownup Peter is sitting in a head-shrinker s office. The physician has been consulted to handle the sudden, incomprehensible turn of laryngitis which has seized Peter s organic structure. Much to his discouragement, the head-shrinker insists on peppering him with pathetic inquiries, even asking as to his married woman s reading stuff. Surprisingly, it s the reply to this last enquiry that gives him his reply: Madeleine ( his married woman ) had been reading the newly-published The Diary of A Young Girlby Anne Frank.It turns out that Peter is sing what some professionals call a transition upset, imparting his daze at the sight of Anne s published journal into a hysterical reenactment of his old ages spent whispering in the Secret Annex. The publication of the book causes non merely laryngitis, but a psychotic interruption that has Peter coping with a yesteryear he s worked urgently to bury. Unknown to the Red Cross, he # 8217 ; s escaped the prison cantonments and starts in 1946 when he arrives in New York. After an brush with an Immigration-officer who mistakes him for a heathen he realizes how easy it would be to alter his whole personality, he would nt even hold to lie, all he had had to make was maintain quiet. When he steps off the boat in New York, Peter covers the tattooed figure on his arm, hides his Judaic lineage, and sets out in chase of the American dream. He begins his new life in entire denial of his old one, deletes every memory of it and that with such sufficiency that he eventually is non able to retrieve any more. He neer answers any inquiries about it and starts to populate a prevarication. Peter new wave Daan is now populating in America as Peter new wave Pels and go throughing himself off as Christian. Ironically, the first miss Susannah he falls in love with ultimately culls him because she is Judaic and her household would non be pleased if she married exterior of her religion. Funny plenty, he begins dating her sister, Madeline, and she does non hold an issue with his religion as their wooing finally leads to marriage and a household. His greatest fright is that anyone could happen out that he is Judaic but still he seems to be drawn to the Jewish community. His best friend and subsequently business-partner Harry is Jewish. Peter finds employment in the turning field of Real Estate/Property Management and settles down to a nice suburban life in New Jersey. So non even a decennary subsequently, he has a successful calling, a nice place and an unsuspicious Judaic married woman. His concern is traveling highly good, the twosome have two lovely small misss, a 3rd babe is on the manner ( it will be a male child ) and the hereafter looks bright for Peter new wave Pels. He has hidden his yesteryear so successfully that no one non even Madeleine suspects the strivings he endured during the war.However, Peter is continually haunted in his dreams by his secret and realizes the truth in the avowal that you can non run off from your yesteryear! In 1947, Peter # 8217 ; s worst frights are realized as a novel is released worldwide titled ANNE FRANK: THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL ( subsequently re-titled to fit the play/film, THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK ) . Not merely is Peter horrified that he will be exposed but his ain married woman and girls become fans of the novel. Peter at one point steals the novel and travels a great distance to dispose of it merely to mouse back out into the dark to repossess for himself. Everywhere he goes, people talk about his yesteryear and there s nil he can make about it, because although the adolescent miss who wrote the book is dead, she s a mega-star of international proportions. He feels as a clumsy adolescent who spent more than two old ages locked up in an Amsterdam loft with the Holocaust s most celebrated victim had someway survived the war and come to America seeking namelessness. He reads the novel in secret, furiously turning the pages. While he disagrees with several portraitures within the novel he is moved by its # 8217 ; stalking transitions that hit place for him. Then the journal is published and he feels the past birr around him, a twister that threatens to destruct everything in his carefully-constructed life.Peter # 8217 ; s try to bury his yesteryear, and get down afresh after emigrating to America, merely digs him deeper into the roots he tries to blot out. The events that follow that find are an analogy to the fright Holocaust victims carried with them # 8230 ; concealment, traveling, whispering, running. The book became his stepping rock backwards, forwards, and backwards once more into fright and abhorrence. With memories stalking H is every measure, Peter begins floging out. He knows he should state his household the truth, but he s despairing to maintain them anon. , safe.As his memories of the War become harder to get away, he becomes obsessed with salvaging adequate money to let his household to run off in instance they come back. He keeps the money in a safe at place and gets up to number it in the center of the dark. He’s besides obsessed with non blowing nutrient – there is a scene in peculiar that greatly touched and disturbed me. He yells at his married woman and at his amazed little girls and tells them that they don’t know what hungriness is. It’s true, they don’t. Finally, the drama version of the fresh becomes a large hit as THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK hits Broadway. Many people, including Anne’s male parent, Otto Frank, object to the actress dramatis personae as Mrs. Frank who is a non-Jew. Peter has even more expostulation with Otto Frank who he feels watered down and tainted many transitions of Anne’s Diary. Specifically, he is non at all pleased with his male parent, Mr. van Daan, being portrayed as stealer who stole staff of life from the closets at dark, thereby striping the remainder of those in concealing from much needed nutriment. Madeliene describes a peculiar event portion of the fancied narrative, although she does nt cognize that in the play: It was the most atrocious scene. One dark Mrs. Frank hears a noise and gets up, and there s Mr. van Daan [ In her diary, Anne uses van Daan to conceal the individuality of Peter s household, the new wave Pels ] , the male parent of the male child Ann s in love with, stealing staff of life from the closet. All the clip they thought it was the rats, it was truly him. He. Taking nutrient out of his ain kid s oral cavity. Can you conceive of? ( p. 149 ) The journal has caused plenty jobs, but Peter ca nt digest the idea of America consuming a horrid prevarication about his male parent. He snaps. Otto Frank chooses to convey the writer of the drama version of Anne # 8217 ; s Diary, Meyer Levin, to tribunal. Levin will subsequently travel on to write the book, THE STOLEN LEGACY OF ANNE FRANK: MEYER LEVIN, LILLIAN HELLMAN AND THE STAGING OF THE DIARY, which continues to demo contention with Otto Frank # 8217 ; s redaction of his girl # 8217 ; s original work. Peter is intrigued by this tribunal instance and sends a note to Otto Frank certifying to his true individuality and naming his grudges with the emended version of The Diary. Mr. Frank # 8217 ; s legal representative writes Peter back proposing that his caricature of person that was affectionately to Mr. Frank was non appreciated and farther correspondence will take to legal action. Peter shows up at the courtroom during the Otto Frank/Meyer Levin instance and runs into an aged adult female who besides has issue with Mr. Frank # 8217 ; s edited Diary. This adult female introduces herself to Peter as the married woman of the character falsely named Pfeffer in both the Diary and the Play. Torn between stating the truth and protecting his household, Peter spirals out of control. On the threshold of divorce and mental dislocation, Peter makes a scene during the test of Otto Frank, which seals his destiny. He has no pick but to uncover his individuality, but stating the truth means memory, and retrieving agencies confronting memories so agonizing they could oppress him forever.You could state that the more popular Anne # 8217 ; s narrative gets the more Peter # 8217 ; s state of affairs worsens. He eventually becomes a menace to himself and his household and has to make up ones mind whether to accept his yesteryear with all the effects or to give up on remaining alive. As I mentioned before, I was about 12/13 old ages old when I read Anne # 8217 ; s Diaries for the first clip. Thankss to Ellen Feldman # 8217 ; s researches I could obtain a batch more information about the people who used to populate with Anne and Peter in the Secret extension. Especially Peter # 8217 ; s parents and Fritz Pfeiffer ( Dussel ) are shown in a wholly new position so in Anne # 8217 ; s journals and they lose all the amusing features they ve gained through Anne # 8217 ; s descriptions. This difference in between how those individuals have been characterized in Anne # 8217 ; s journals and Ellen Feldman # 8217 ; s book made me even more realize how immature Anne was when she wrote her books. The manner she depicts Peter # 8217 ; s increasing paranoia is singular. This book besides allowed me to larn about all the events that followed the publication of Anne Frank # 8217 ; s book in America. I didn # 8217 ; t know that Otto Frank had been involved in a case. Pete r # 8217 ; s emotional reaction to the whole thing was interesting to see, and Ellen Feldman raises some interesting inquiry about how the journal was ( and still is ) received and responded to. In my sentiment this book is highly good researched particularly when it comes to covering with the post-traumatic experiences which most subsisters of the Holocaust had to travel through. It shows clearly that for most of them it was nt wholly merely joy and felicity for holding survived after their release, but that for most of them, even so their life styles would alter dramatically, the agony neer ends. Feldman inside informations the historical, and small known facts sing the journal of Anne Frank. She gives the audience a position of, # 8220 ; what if # 8221 ; . What if Peter had survived? What would his life have been like if he had survived? The flow of the narrative shows how the male child, Peter, grew into an grownup. The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank leaves one to inquire whether promises made as a adolescent should be kept as we grow and mature. The writer analyzes that factor and how it plays into Peter # 8217 ; s life. The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank is a singular narrative about fright, isolation, loss, the weight of memory and what it means to retrieve # 8211 ; and how possibly we remember some things in order to bury others more easy. Largely, it s merely what its screen proclaims it to be: A Novel of Remembering and Forgetting. It s trim, challenging and utterly moving. It s non an easy read, but it s one you wo nt shortly bury. ANNE FRANK # 8220 ; Everyone has inside of him a piece of good intelligence. The good intelligence is that you don # 8217 ; t cognize how great you can be! How much you can love! What you can carry through! And what your possible is! # 8220 ; Anne Frank # 8221 ; I don # 8217 ; t believe of all the wretchedness but of the beauty that still remains. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I merely can # 8217 ; t construct my hopes on a foundation of confusion, wretchedness and decease # 8230 ; I think # 8230 ; peace and tranquility will return again. # 8221 ; -Anne Frank

The Artistic Aesthetics of Monet and Degas essays

The Artistic Aesthetics of Monet and Degas essays Although from the same artist group, the Impressionists originated from backgrounds that seemed worlds apart. Claude Monet, known as the "Master Impressionist" varied the themes in his artwork more than any other artist did. Monet's work "Impression Sunrise", of which the term "Impressionist" originates also gives rise to the title "Master Impressionist." Edgar Degas started his career as an artist with nothing in common with Monet but the era in which they lived. From themes to brushstrokes and choices of colours, Monet and Degas started their relationship as Impressionist artists on opposite ends of the earth. However, towards the climax of their lives as artists, Monet aided Degas in adopting Impressionist Aesthetic qualities. Monet chose to depict exquisite landscapes from his own gardens and elsewhere, particularly in France. He uses small, elegant brush strokes and vibrant colour to match the scenes he paints. In the mid-1870's, Monet's influence over Degas lead Degas to lean his colour choices nearer to those of other Impressionists. In addition to this, Degas began employing pastels, which gave his works a more granular affect that more closely resembled those of other Impressionists. For numerous years in his life, after attempting to paint his the first of his famous "Haystacks", and, being unable to seize the right shading or colours due to the rising sun, Monet was intrigued by the affect of weather and light on his outdoor projects. On the other hand, Degas, although also concentrated mainly in France, based his works on people, nudes and ballerinas in particular. Monet never painted a nude. Monet and Degas' earlier works have notably different brush stroke styles. While Monet has tended to lean towards the short, choppy and yet delicate, Degas' strokes blended virtuously unnoticeable. However, these seem to correspond with their earlier themes and objectives. Monet mastered the art of illus...

Tourism industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Classical and Structural Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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Privacy Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy Policies - Essay Example For instances it could be the illustration of a website offering information regarding the exercise of personal information, mainly personal information gathered by means of the website by the website owner. Privacy policies frequently encircle facts of what personal information is gathered how the personal information probably will be utilized, the persons to whom the personal information may be revealed, the safety actions taken to defend the personal information, and whether the website employs cookies and/or web bugs.1 A number of websites as well identify their privacy policies by means of P3P or Internet Content Rating Association that is also acknowledged as ICRA, facilitating browsers to without human intervention appraises the level of privacy presented by the site. For this paper the first web site I have selected is the â€Å"www.attwireless.com.† is business website of the AT&T Wireless Inc. AT&T Wireless is the major independently traded wireless mover in the US. AT&T Wireless functions one of the biggest digital wireless networks in North America. AT&T has in the order of 18 million subscribers, and complete-year 2001 revenues of 13.6 billion dollars, AT&T Wireless is enthusiastic to being amongst the preliminary to bring the next generation of wireless goods and services. Nowadays, AT&T Wireless presents customers high-class wireless voice and data communications services and services in the United States, and globally. AT&T Wireless consumers’ gain is the companys declaration to make sure that customers have the exact equipment, the correct calling arrangement, and the correct customer services options these days and tomorrow. For additional services and information you can visit their web site: www.attwireless.com.2 This privacy policy tackles the privacy of AT&T family of company’s buy and sells consumers and web guests in the US, apart

Socio-economic Influences on Health

Socio-economic Influences on Health Scenario You are employed by the Public Health England as an assistant to the regional Public health officer in UK. Your manager has asked you to produce a report on why the life expectancy of individuals in the Midlands is lower than the London. Your report should cover AC 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (Evidence type-Report) AC 1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. Your report should highlight the reasons for the difference in life expectancy for the two regions M1. The term socio-economic has been developed from the sociology and economic disciplines which, respectively, explore and examine people which comprise society and the economy which encapsulates finance. Together, social and economic factors, their interaction is examined to identify its impact and/influence on outcomes such as health. Socio-economic factors include income/low or no income, employment/unemployment, the environment, access to information, and citizenship status. The availability of jobs, and the type of jobs, is, in the main, the factor which impacts on life expectancy. Income is derived from employment, whether self or external, and with income housing can either be purchased or rented, food can be bought and citizenship issues can be resolved; albeit across a range such as the quality of food and housing stock. However, it is quite often the case that without income acquiring food, clothing and shelter is problematic. Over many years the main industries, which allowed families to manage their lives, have been either reduced or eliminated across the UK, and more so in some areas than in others. In the Midlands many of the textile industries no longer exist, as too the car manufacturing industries, and training in new technologies, available in other areas of the UK such as London, has either not been made available or is available in specific areas as opposed to all areas. Hence, without investment in other technologies by both the private and public sector jobs in areas such as the Midlands are limited; educated Midlands people whose voice may have been heard in demanding better civic services, such as in regular weekly bin collection, are no longer heard as many migrate to London for employment, and/or better employment opportunities. High socio-economic factors almost guarantees good health in that the quality of food is most likely to be nutritious and with ready access to health information, whether in text or through networking such as having a neighbour who is a doctor or a medical researcher, high socio-economic individuals will manage and monitor their health with regular visit to alternative practitioners and gyms as they practise a preventative health lifestyle to avoid negative socio-economic health conditions. Obviously, some health conditions cannot be prevented if they are hereditary but, conditions linked to obesity for example, are more likely to be avoided with the assistance of a physical fitness trainer for example. In so doing, obesity is avoided and linked lifestyle conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and hypertension can either be avoided or delayed. This may not be the case with those living with low incomes, either owing to poorly paid employment positions or unemployment. Such people would n ot be able to afford a personal trainer who may also assist them in constructing a menu conducive to a healthy lifestyle; notably not all vegetables are of the same nutritious quality so even if low income families are eating healthily they may not be eating quality health food when compared with those with a high income (Fowajuh, 2007; Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2011). Based on available employment opportunities, it would be safe to claim that high income individuals/families are more likely to be found in London than in the Midlands, with the observation that life expectancy being greater in London than in the Midlands. Along with the quality of food purchased, and opportunities to purchase help to support a healthy physical regime, is the issue of housing. Low income individuals may have to content themselves with having a roof over their heads, irrespective of damp which brings on mould, poor heating and a generally unpleasant environment. Conditions, as stated in previous sentence, impacts on respiratory health, and if a child grows up in such conditions, these conditions can either exacerbate asthma or increase the chances of developing it, with long-term effects into adulthood and quite limiting life expectancy. A child from a high income family may have asthma but the chances of his or her home environment aggravating the condition is quite minimal, if at all. In addition, those with high disposable incomes are more likely to live in hospital trust areas which are well resourced and well-funded, and if not they are more likely to make a fuss to try and force a change or have the know how to de mand a second opinion or go to the private sector; Low income individuals are unlikely to do the same and most certainly will not have the finance to go private Quite, unfortunately, socio-economic factors, which are greatly affected by income leave certain regions in the UK at the mercy of those dispensing healthcare, whether it is adequate and fit for purpose or not, hence the discrepancy in life expectancy in regions such as London and the Midlands. In essence, the central socio-economic factor, Money buys goods and services that improve health. The money families have, the better the goods and services they can buy. [and] For various reasons, people on low incomes are more likely to adopt unhealthy behaviours smoking and drinking, for example while those on higher incomes are more able to afford healthier lifestyles (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2014). AC 1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England There are many various government sources reporting on the levels of health experienced by public service users across England. These sources include Health Survey for England (HSFE), Acheson Report Independent Inquiry in Inequalities in Health (1998), Census Data and Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS). These sources, with the exception of the Census Data, provide a snapshot of health of public health service users in England. The information acquired from these different sources assist the government in its decision making when allocating health related funding to the various regions in England, recognising that the variation in health needs, or to be precise health inequalities, within one particular region may be as great, or greater than, the variation in needs between regions. In a blog, on the Guardian website in 2010, the following statement partly explains the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England in that It has been said that each stop on the District line to east London cuts life expectancy by a year (Guardian, 2010). The District line runs through some of the most expensive areas in London through to some of the most deprived. Drawing on statistics produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), this same blog highlighted the following: the average life expectancy age of a man in London is 78.6; however along the District Line, from west to east, the following boroughs showed variants around this average age, as follows: Ealing 78.9 Hammersmith Fulham 78.1 Kensington Chelsea 84.4 Westminster 83.4 Tower Hamlets 76.0 Newham 76.2 Barking and Dagenham 76.5 (Guardian, 2010). In an NHS study on life expectancy it was observed that Money may not buy you happiness, but it is linked to good health (NHS, 2015). Notably, this report considered the North-South divide in England, but this observation is very much applicable to the findings included in the Guardian blog above. Either side of the two richest boroughs in England, Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, the link between money and health, in London, is clear. At the west end of the District line male life expectancy differs from the London average by tenths of a percentage point; Ealing being six tenths of a percentage point higher, while Hammersmith and Fulham is five tenths of a percentage point lower. Overall family income levels are not as high in these two boroughs when compared with Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, however, family income levels are higher than those in Tower Hamlets, Newham and Barking Dagenham which have all been classed, at various times, as deprived boroughs (Hill, 2015). Although, the examples of life expectancy above are for men in London, the point should not be missed that money, or to be precise the lack of money, does play a part in health inequalities. Thus, it is undoubtedly necessary for the government to be fully conversant with the varying conditions of wealth, which impact health outcomes, across England. In this way, funding and resources should be deployed to areas experiencing inequalities in health, and in so doing health inequalities should be address for the benefit of the population most in need of public funded health care. AC 1.3 Discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. There are many reasons why there are barriers to accessing healthcare. These reasons include a lack of education, information, funding for staff and facilities and mobility, plus limited or no access to GPs and other health professionals. In detail, there is a somewhat convoluted cycle of lack which may results in those with the most health needs not receiving the necessary medical attention. A lack of education may prevent a potential public service user from accessing and/or receiving the relevant information even if it is available, which may assist them in making an informed decision as to which health professional could be seen first. In England, now, a pharmacist could be the first point of call, avoiding possible long waits to see a GP. Therefore, simple and treatable conditions could get worst while awaiting a GP appointment. Without the appropriate information a public service user may not know that a certain question should be asked; it is difficult to ask a question if one is ignorant of the fact that a question should be asked. Lack of information, along with restricted numbers in staffing contributes to ignorance in health related conditions, since the staff which could possibly mitigate the outcomes, arising from no written information by sharing that information in discussion, may have been cut owing to limited and/or reduced funding. Funding, or the lack of it, reduces staffing levels and the appropriate facilities to address public health issues. Funding also impacts on GP availability if a health trust decides to cut funding per patient to a GP; in this way GPs may be reluctant to accept new patients, or reduce surgery cover which may impact on the services provided by other health professionals linked to a surgery. Without a nearby and accessible surgery, those service users with mobility issue s may find it a struggle to attend the nearest surgery which requires a journey involving two or more changes using public transport. Whatever the reason, or combination of reasons, for being unable to access healthcare, most negative outcomes are probably quite preventable, and as such more costly to the public health providers when corrective action must be taken. REFERENCES Fowajuh, G. (2007) West Midlands Key Health Data 2007/08 Chapter Ten: Inequalities in Life Expectancies in the West Midlands Available online at  http://medweb4.bham.ac.uk/websites/key_health_data/2007/ch_10.htm  accessed on 27/02/17 Hill, D. (2015) Londons Poorest Boroughs Once Again Prepare to Make the Biggest Cuts Available online at  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2015/feb/23/londons-poorest-boroughs-once-again-prepare-to-make-the-biggest-cuts accessed 27/02/2017 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2011) Does Income Inequality Cause Health and Social Problems? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/does-income-inequality-cause-health-and-social-problems accessed on 27/02/17 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2014) How does Money Influence Health? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-does-money-influence-health accessed on 27/02/17 NHS (2015) Study Finds North-South Divide in UK Life Expectancy Available online at http://www.nhs.uk/news/2015/09September/Pages/Study-finds-North-South-divide-in-UK-life-expectancy.aspx accessed on 27/02/17

Discussing Bresslers definition of Marxism as a literary theory :: essays papers

Discussing Bresslers definition of Marxism as a literary theory Marxism is not the hot topic it once was. With the collapse of Communist U.S.S.R., mainstream North America had thought it had seen the last of Marxism and the communist party. However, with the People's Republic of China becoming a reality, those early beliefs may have proven to be premature. Defining Marxism is not difficult. Marxism is the belief that the common workingman (the proletariat) is under a rule of tyranny by the upper class owners (the bourgeois.) Someday (according to Marx) the proletariats will rise up, overthrow the bourgeois and create a society of communism. Communism is the political idea in where a society would be controlled mostly by the government. Personal property would not be allowed and therefore eliminate the bourgeois; a utopian society in which every man works for the common good. Marxists believe that (based on the works of Karl H. Marx) everything we do or think is influenced by the bourgeois. This is simple. Marxism becomes difficult when defining it as a literary theory. The original intentions of Marx were those of social and political revolution. Many of Marx's followers however, were and are scholars. Therefore the transition from a social economic theory to a school of literary criticism was inevitable. Charles Bressler is faced with this seeming difficult task of defining Marxism as a literary school of thought. Bressler attempts to define and explain Marxism as a school of literary thought by examining past Marxists, the assumptions which one must adopt and the methodology (as he does with every chapter.) He succeeds in some places and fails in others. Bressler's definition of Marxism is as follows, "[the belief] that reality itself can be can be defined and understood, society shapes our consciousness, social and economic conditions directly influence how and what we believe and value, and Marxism details a plan for changing the world from a place of bigotry, hatred and conflict due to class struggle to a classless society where wealth, opportunity, and education are accessible for all people". Bressler does a decent job here. He defines Marxism as it was originally intended: an economic and social view of culture and its influences. He provides a clear, simple definition of Marxism which is easily understandable. After this however, Bressler's chapter begins to fall apart. He succeeds in giving a brief description of Marxist events and theorists, but fails in his assumptions and methodology.