Gender Roles Of Early Childhood Development - 932 Words

Gender Roles in Early Childhood Development In a society filled with gender stereotypes, children often adopt gender roles as they move from childhood to adolescence because of the many factors that influence their views to the point they will deny certain roles because it does not fit the gender bias. During the early years, boys and girls will usually be drawn towards gender specific activities. Playing house for example, they little boy will imitate going to work, while the little girl will imitate cooking in the kitchen and playing with the baby doll. Gender stereotypes are embedded in our culture as a social identity giving â€Å"norms† to how gender is defined. This paper is going to discuss the child’s earliest exposure to gender roles in the home from clothing, toys and expectations to society’s role in gender bias on early childhood development. Children learn as early as age two what it means to be a â€Å"boy† or a â€Å"girl† (Aina Cameron). This is described as gender identity, a person’s sense of self as male or female. Gender stereotyping emerges hand in hand with the development of gender identity in Early Childhood (Halim). Gender roles are society’s expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes and activities of males and females. When babies are born they are either put in pink or blue, as they grow up they still maintain the same â€Å"gender† colors. As young children start to socialize, they are playing with either â€Å"girl† toys or â€Å"boy† toys. When they get older theyShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Sensory Processing Disorder On Development And Development1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdivided into eight different developmental periods. This essay will focus on the early childhood period that ranges from two to five or six years of age. Firstly, this essay will describe the typical developmental milestones during early childhood and how they play an important role in each developmental stage that follows. Secondly, it will analyse how the home and educational environments influence early childhood. Finally, it will define Auditory Processing Disorder and the characteristics ofRead MoreGender Roles Are A Set Of Societal Norms Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender roles are a set of societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality† (Oxford). Is it a boy or girl? What sport will he play? When will she take dance lessons? Women shouldn’t have jobs! Men should work while women take care of the house! Women belong in the kitchen! Men don’t do household chores! These are just some examples of stereotypes adopted by societyRead MoreAdolescence and Early Adulthood Essay1731 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagespsychosocial development of adolescents and how it can be influenced by these biological changes as well as the environment that the adolescent is experiencing. Many of the changes that adolescents experience are the result of a combination of factors and the interaction of biology and the environment. Neurological Changes Many times the focus on neurological development is during the early childhood years of development. Such rapid changes take place during early childhood, it is many timesRead MoreChildren With Multicultural And Diverse Experiences849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Early childhood providers do many difficult tasks. The hardest task is to provide the children with multicultural and diverse experiences. Since the beginning of time, the extended families, clans, and the communities raised the young children. Even today, many early childhood programs and family child care institutions tend to be similar and homogeneous to the children’s home backgrounds. The common criteria parents use to choose the early childhood programs, and the child care facilitiesRead MoreGender Identity1341 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Autumn Messina PSY/340 January 24, 2011 Melynda Marchi Gender Identity The development of our gender identity is influenced by both the biological nature of a person and society, but the biology is the foundation of our gender identity. In the following paragraphs I will be discussing the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the determination of gender identity, the roles of biological factors nature and environmentalRead MoreTitle. Several Theories Have Arisen In Attempt To Explain1236 Words   |  5 Pagestheories have arisen in attempt to explain the development of gender roles. Sigmund Freud proposed one of the early theories of gender role development. Freud believed that gender role development was shaped early in childhood when children have intimate feelings for their parent of the other sex and resolve the conflict by identifying with the same-sex parent. While Freud may be correct that early childhood is a critical time period for gender role development, there is very little evidence for his theo ryRead MoreChildhood Development : Middle Childhood1269 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk, 2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enterRead MorePossible Causes for the Suicide of Kurt Cobain Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesand problems Kurt Cobain faced throughout childhood and into early adulthood. I wish to apply three relevant approaches to this article and hopefully show that they bare some resemblance to the problems he faced. Description of Article ====================== Within this article I wish to briefly look at some major factors of Kurt cobain, which influenced and affected his life and would later come to play a major role in his suicide. The major contributing Read MoreA Family s Parental Sexual Orientation That Affect A Child s Growth Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesReport #1 17 Oct. 2016 Goldberg, A. a., Kashy, D. k., Smith, J. j. (2012). Gender-Typed Play Behavior in Early Childhood: Adopted Children with Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Parents. Sex Roles, 67(9-10), 503-515. Introduction There are many important facts about a family’s parental sexual orientation that affect a child’s growth. One of those revolves around the gender-typed play behaviors of children in the early stages of life. One study conducted in 2012 by Goldberg A., Kashy D., and SmithRead MoreParent Keep Child s Gender Secret Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermines one’s gender and personal lifestyle. While girls are supposed to like ballet and wear pink, boys are supposed to play with trucks and like sports. What people like and what they do is determined by their gender, but most of this assumptions are based on one’s sex. The expectations that society has of how people are supposed to dress and act could be different if their sex was not something to worry about. For instance, Jayme Poisson in her essay â€Å"Parent Keep Child’s Gender Secret† mentions

Concept Analysis Essay - 1230 Words

Concept Analysis Assignment Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR 502 Ms. Maria Mendez June 13, 2013 Concept Analysis Assignment Today’s nursing profession encompasses a variety of specialties and disciplines that demonstrate a wide range of phenomena. According to McEwin and Willis, in clinical practice, those phenomenon that are frequently seen aid advanced practice nurses in developing interventions and clinical protocols because they are said to be stable and reliable components of the practical nursing experience (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011, p. 47). The observed phenomena may or may not have had research studies associated with them in the past to concretely define them, and†¦show more content†¦123). There are numerous approaches of creating meaning for concepts based on literature review, academic critique, and providing precise operational definition of said concepts (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011). Walker and Avant developed the concept analysis approach selected in this article in 1983, which is a concept analysis method based upon Wilson’s method from the 1960’s (McEwin amp; W illis, 2011). Walker and Avant’s method â€Å"provides a systematic approach to analyze relatively new concepts† (Bruggemann et al., 2012, p. 124), and is comprised of three different processes: concept analysis, concept synthesis, and concept derivation (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011, p. 54). The concept analysis process is broken down into eight different steps that will allow defined terms to be presented in a common language (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011, pg. 54, para. 2). Additionally, the concept synthesis process is utilized when concepts need to be developed further and can be broken down into three subcategories: qualitative synthesis, quantitative synthesis, and literary synthesis (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011, pg. 54, para. 3). Furthermore, the concept derivation process is useful when generating innovative ways of thinking about an occurrence when few concepts are available and is comprised of a four-step design (McEwin amp; Willis, 2011, pg. 55, para. 1). As stated above, Walker and Avant’s process of concept analysis is described as an eight part process thatShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Concept Development And Concept Analysis869 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch, clarification is key when discussing concepts. â€Å"Clarifying, recognizing, and defining concepts that describe phenomena is the purpose of concept development or concept analysis† (Wills McEwen, 2011). Without this clarification, information on concepts become broad, ambiguous, and hard to appreciate. The concept this author chose is from Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring. The concept is caring. First, a literature review of the caring concept will be done. Second, this paper will discussRead MoreFormal Concept Analysis ( Fca ) Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pages2.7.2 Formal Concept Analysis Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), also known as Galois lattice mining, is a branch of lattice theory that allows identification of meaningful groupings of objects that have common attributes (Wille, 2009; Ganter Wille, 2012). It is a data analysis method which enables the discovery of hidden knowledge in the data in the form of concepts. Godin, Gecsei, and Pichet (1989) have demonstrated the effectiveness of using FCA for indexing and retrieval as an alternative to hierarchicalRead MoreConcept Analysis Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesPeer-Reviewed Concept Analysis Article Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice: NUR-502 July 24, 2013 Peer-Reviewed Concept Analysis Article Woman-centered care in childbirth is the process in which a woman can make choices, be involved in, and has control over her care and relationship with her physician or midwife (Maputle Donavon, 2013). Woman-centered care is a philosophy of care which gives priority to the wishes and needs of the femaleRead MoreConfidentiality : Concept Analysis And Clinical Application1312 Words   |  6 Pages Confidentiality is a concept of vast importance for professionals in the medical field. It is a professional obligation in this field and is considered to be an ethical concept that falls in line with integrity, compassion, veracity, charity, and fidelity as explained in both the International Council of Nurses Code for Nurses (1973) and the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics (1985). However, in today’s ever growing world of technology and demand for information, challenges continueRead MoreConcept Analysis : Walker And Avant1031 Words   |  5 PagesConcept has be en defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena (Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis refers to the rigorous process of bringing clarity to the definition of the concept used in science (McEwen Willis, p, 51). AccordingRead MoreA Concept Analysis On Compassion Fatigue1647 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose The purpose of conducting a concept analysis is to divide the components of a concept into separate individual parts for evaluation and clarification. Analysis of the internal structure, defining aspects, characteristics and interrelationships to the other components can be achieved by conducting a concept analysis. The basic purpose is a process to discover the similarities and differences between concepts (Walker Avant, 2005). The intent of the concept analysis on the subject of compassion fatigueRead MoreApplication Of Concept Analysis For Clinical Practice1149 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of concept analysis to clinical practice The concept has been defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena â€Å"(Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis mentions to the laborious process of bringing clarity to the definition ofRead MoreNurse Mentoring Concept Analysis Response996 Words   |  4 PagesNurse Mentoring Concept Analysis Response Introduction According to McEwen and Wills, concepts in the nursing profession are words that describe a variable of nursing practice (2014, pg. 50). Concepts, once defined, are used in research to test hypotheses that will increase knowledge and theory development. However, concept definitions change with time and context. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly and succinctly define concepts within an analysis for a meaningful application. Mentoring inRead MoreResearch Paper: Content Analysis of Nine Creative Concepts Found in Magazine Advertisements.1392 Words   |  6 Pages1 MAIN ISSUE This research is a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive content analysis of selected advertisements from two different magazines published in August 2012 using the nine different creative concepts as main emphasis. 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA The main research problem deals with the use of creative concepts in advertisements which is a mass media issue and therefore contributes to the existing knowledge in communication studies. The issue is also of interestRead MoreThe Concepts Of Big Data Analysis Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract—The important goal of this paper is to provide an overview on the concepts of big data analysis. Furthermore the growing emergence and importance of qualitative data analysis in the field of business intelligence and data science is broadly explained .It also marks out effective tools and techniques used to obtain prominent qualitative analytic results on the global level. Moreover we have concluded on the basis of comparison of the tools depending on various factors and parameters by representing

The Perfect Breakfast Free Essays

The Perfect Breakfast Nowadays people don’t give making breakfast at home a second thought. With places like McDonalds and Burger King how could you think about cooking? These fast food restaurants have made many people lazy when it comes to cooking. Eating artificial eggs and meat, that’s not real food, that’s a waste of money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perfect Breakfast or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a passionate breakfast eater, were going to tell you confused and deceived people how to prepare your breakfast at home. The ingredients you are going to need are†¦. Turkey Bacon, water, butter, pancake mix, eggs, bread. The utensils you’re going to need are a toaster, a pan, a baking pan, spatula and a skillet. The first thing you’re going to do is prepare the turkey bacon. You’re going to preheat your oven at 350. Next place some wax paper in the flat pan, and then place the strips of bacon on the wax paper. Put the bacon in the oven for about 10 minutes or less. After the bacon is finished take it out the oven. The next thing is preparing the pancakes. To prepare the cakes you’re going to need butter, water, pan, a spatula, and the pancake mix. The first step to making pancakes is preheating the pan place a small amount of butter in the pan. The butter gives the pancakes flavor and stops them from sticking to the pan. Next mix about a half cup of water with your pancake mix and after the butter has melted some, pour small amounts of the mix in the pan. Flip the cakes over about every minute or until you see bubbles forming on the top. When this process is complete, take them out of the pan and place them on a plate. Stack them to the perfect height, and prepare to go to pancake heaven! Next are the eggs and there’s two ways you can cook your eggs, Sunnyside up, or scrambled. To prepare the eggs you’re going to need cooking oil, about four eggs, a skillet and a spatula. The first thing you do is preheat your skillet and put ? tablespoon of the cooking oil into the pan. Then you check your eggs and put them in a bowl and beat them until, you feel satisfied. After the skillet is ready you pour the eggs into the skillet and fry them until they are a bright yellow color, or to your satisfaction. Last, but not least is the toast. Preparing toast is quiet simple. You will need a toaster oven, bread in the toaster, press the level, let the bread brown, or until you are satisfied. After the toast is toasted apply small amounts of butter or as much as you feel is needed. Then pour up a cold refreshing glass of VA orange juice. After all that, your perfect breakfast is done and now it’s time to eat! How to cite The Perfect Breakfast, Papers

National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards System

Question: Discuss about the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards System. Answer: Introduction The establishment of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Health Care (ACSQHC) was a noble idea in the country. Since then, the commission has been helping in promoting the standards of services in the Australias healthcare sector (Johnson Cowin, 2013). The consistencies in the enforcement of ACSQHC stands should be celebrated because it has successfully safeguarded the welfare of the healthcare users. One of these policy standards is the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS Standards) (Coleman, Redley, Wood, Bucknall Botti, 2015). The standards have helped in the improvement of quality of services provided to the public. It has set up standards to be complied with when conducting important activities such as clinical handover. This paper presents an integrated review of the literature published on clinical handover in Australia (Bradley Mott, 2014). Problem Identification The question to be addressed during the review is: What is the significance of clinical bedside handover in the delivery of holistic and satisfactory healthcare services to a patient? The rationale of the topic is that clinical bedside handover is a crucial stage in the provision of healthcare services. Clinical handover is the transfer of a professional responsibility for a patient from one healthcare provider to the other. It can be done verbally, written, temporarily or permanently. There are different types of clinical handover. These are nurse to nurse handover; nurse to physician handover; GP to registrar handover; ICU to ward handover. Clinical bedside handover is a necessary practice because it is done to nearly all the patients. Whenever a patient is admitted to the healthcare facility, they are assigned their own nurse (Coleman, Redley, Wood, Bucknall Botti, 2015). However, it is not practically possible for only one nurse to serve a patient right from the beginning up to the end. An in-patient, for instance, requires a temporary or permanent handover. Whereas temporary handover is done when the nurses are changing shifts, permanent handover happens during a temporary or permanent transfer of responsibility to a new practitioner to continue with it until the patient is discharged. The integrated review will be done on different publications. It will adopt a PICO framework. PICO simply denotes the population, intervention, comparison, and Outcome. Each of these components will be incorporated into the review. The target population will mainly be drawn from the adult population in Australia. The intervention to be adopted is holistic care. This implies to a multifaceted kind of care that addresses all the needs of the patient. When it comes to the comparison, the review will have to involve different articles that will be critiqued and compared to determine how the standards have helped in clinical handover. Finally, the outcome of the review will be to provide a solution to the inefficiencies in clinical bedside handover (Bradley Mott, 2014). The information from the review will be relied upon to improve the quality of clinical handover and facilitate the delivery of holistic services to the patients. Literature Search The literature review will be conducted by following a well-outlined procedure. After identification of the topic and review questions, the next thing to do will be to identify the keywords to use when searching for the articles. A proper choice of the search words will help in ensuring that the most relevant and useful articles are selected. Given that the search topic is the role of health standards and clinical handover in improving patient outcome, it will use the following key words: bedside clinical handover, handover, clinical handover, bedside handover and quality care, clinical handover quality care, handover quality care, and quality care. Out of all these search words, clinical bedside handover will be used as the main key words that will be relied upon to narrow down the search to specific literature (Tobiano, Chaboyer McMurray, 2013). The identification of the key words will be followed by the selection of the databases. Bedside clinical handover is a nursing concept on which several publications have been made. Several researchers have conducted studies clinical handover because it is an activity that has contributions to make in healthcare. However, this review will have to be carried out because it will help in providing information to fill the missing gap in knowledge. The following databases will be considered for usage: PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsyINFO, MEDLINEPlus, PAIS Index, PopLine, and EMBASE. However, not all these databases will be utilized in the search. The databases will be narrowed down to just five: PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsyINFO, MEDLINEPlus. These are the most preferred databases because they contain the most needed information. They have a pool of relevant and up-dated information that will be relied on in the review. Once the databases have been selected, the next thing to do is to come up with an inclusion and exclusion criteria to follow when selecting the articles. For an article to be included, it has to meet a number of qualifications. First, the article should have been written between 2011 and 2017. It is necessary to do so because the study will only incorporate articles with current information that will be relied upon during the review. This implies that any article that was published before 2011 will have to be excluded because they do not fit. All the articles published before 2011 are old and do not have updated information that is needed (Elwyn, Dehlendorf, Epstein, Marrin, White Frosch, 2014). The second criterion to use in the inclusion and exclusion of the articles is that the articles are discussing about clinical handover in Australia. Any article that does not talk about clinical handover in Australia will have to be excluded from the list of resources to be used in the search. Lastly, the resources to be included in the search are journal articles. The journal article to be included must be peer-reviewed. Meaning, it must be an article written and reviewed by a team of professionals who have credibility and authority because of the reputation they have (Mardis, et al., 2016). The inclusion of peer-reviewed journals implies that non-journals will be excluded in the search. Any article that is not peer-reviewed will therefore have to be excluded because it does not meet the criteria (Elwyn, Dehlendorf, Epstein, Marrin, White Frosch, 2014). If all these criteria are abide by, the search will end up getting a few journal articles that are the most appropriate for usage in the review. Data Evaluation The review with use the above cited criteria to arrive at five articles. These are A quantitative Nursing bedside clinical handoveran integrated review of issues and tools, Bedside Adopting a patient?centred approach: an investigation into the introduction of bedside handover to three rural hospitals, Interprofessional interactions influence nurses' adoption of handover improvement, Nurses discuss bedside handover and using written handover sheets, and Attitudes of emergency department patients about handover at the bedside. A thorough evaluation of these articles demonstrates that they are indeed invaluable because they contain the information that that is required in the study (Osborn, Moulds, Squires, Doty Anderson, 2014). As explained in Attitudes of emergency department patients about handover at the bedside, clinical bedside handover is very important because it plays a significant role in determining the satisfaction of the patient. The way in which clinical handover is done can help in influencing the recovery process. When it is done in accordance with the standards, the healthcare provider should apply the most suitable strategies. First, the healthcare providers should directly involve the patient in the handover process. Bedside Adopting a patient?centred approach: an investigation into the introduction of bedside handover to three rural hospitals, established that the handover should be done by involving the management because it should be done in a transparent manner. The healthcare provider is supposed to be a good communicator (Johnson Cowin, 2013). A proper communication can help in providing a smooth handover that is safe to the client at all times. These are the issues that will be add ressed in the review. A quantitative Nursing bedside clinical handoveran integrated review of issues and tools, explains a lot of issues on bedside handover because it provide exhaustive information on the positive contributions of clinical bedside handover in the delivery of high quality medical services to the patients. The two papers make a similar conclusion that bedside handover is an important activity that should be encouraged in nursing. Similar sentiments are echoed in Interprofessional interactions influence nurses' adoption of handover improvement, Nurses discuss bedside handover and using written handover sheets, in which the researchers established that the practice of patient handover is appreciated by the healthcare providers and patients. Interprofessional interactions influence nurses' adoption of handover improvement, found that clinical handover should adopt a multidisciplinary approach because it can be effective if done in a collaborative manner. Presentation Author Name(s) Article Title Journal Article Keywords Database Date Accessed 1. Sand-Jecklin, K., Sherman, J. A quantitative assessment of patient and nurse outcomes of bedside nursing report Journal of Clinical Nursing Bedside, handover ProQuest 12/3/2017 2. Lu, S., Kerr, D., McKinlay, L. Bedside nursing handover: Patient opinions International Journal of Nursing Practice Bedside, handover, patient PubMed 13/3/2017 3. Kerr, D., Lu, S., McKinlay, L. Towards patient-centred care: Perspectives of nurses and midwives regarding shift to shift bedside handover International Journal of Nursing Practice Bedside, handover MEDLINE 14/3/2017 4. Lee, H., Cumin, D., Devcich, D., Boyd, M. Expressing concern and writing it down: an experimental study investigating transfer of information at nursing handover Journal of Advanced Nursing Handover nursing PsyINFO 15/3/2017 5. Johnson, M., Sanchez, P., Zheng, C. The impact of an integrated nursing handover system on nurses' satisfaction and work practices Journal of Clinical Nursing Handover, nursing MEDLINEPlus 15/3/2017 Data Analysis The major finding in A quantitative Nursing bedside clinical handoveran integrated review of issues and tools, is that bedside handover is effective in the delivery of quality healthcare services to the patient. Therefore, it should be incorporated in the service-delivery whenever it is necessary to do so (Kerr, Lu McKinlay, 2014). Bedside Adopting a patient?centred approach: an investigation into the introduction of bedside handover to three rural hospitals, found out that the patients have a positive attitude towards bedside handover. However, the satisfaction of the patients depends on the strategies used by the healthcare providers during the process of temporary or permanent handover (Kerr, McKay, Klim, Kelly McCann, 2014). The research found out that patients have different views on bedside handover. Whereas some patients believe that it is better to be served by one nurse, others hold the view that the quality of their life can be improved if they are served by different nur ses. Attitudes of emergency department patients about handover at the bedside established that bedside handover is a key component of patient-centered care. Bedside handover has been perceived so differently by the patients, mid-wives, and nurses across the country (Anderson, Malone, Shanahan Manning, 2015). In Nurses discuss bedside handover and using written handover sheets, the major finding is that the process of patient handover requires a proper management. One of the most important activities to undertake is documentation. Last, but not least, Interprofessional interactions influence nurses' adoption of handover improvement, found out that the transfer of responsibility from one nurse to the other does not only involve the patient, but the records as well (Rathert, Wyrwich Boren, 2013). A proper update and transfer of documents during handover can help in guaranteeing high quality services to the patients. Conclusion Clinical bedside handover is an activity that should be done by using the most appropriate strategies. A successful bedside handover can help in improving the quality of healthcare services rendered to the patients. A strict adherence to the review criteria enabled the researcher to use PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsyINFO, MEDLINEPlus to get and use the four articles. These are valuable resources that contain current and updated information on clinical bedside handover. The use of these articles will help in providing information necessary in the provision of patient-centered care to the satisfaction of the patients diverse needs. Each of them has relevant information whose usage can help in providing deeper knowledge on the topic. References Anderson, J., Malone, L., Shanahan, K., Manning, J. (2015). Nursing bedside clinical handoveran integrated review of issues and tools. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(5-6), 662-671. Bradley, S., Mott, S. (2014). Adopting a patient?centred approach: an investigation into the introduction of bedside handover to three rural hospitals. Journal of clinical nursing, 23(13-14), 1927-1936. Coleman, K., Redley, B., Wood, B., Bucknall, T., Botti, M. (2015). Interprofessional interactions influence nurses' adoption of handover improvement. ACORN: The Journal of Perioperative Nursing in Australia, 28(1), 10. Elwyn, G., Dehlendorf, C., Epstein, R. M., Marrin, K., White, J., Frosch, D. L. (2014). Shared decision making and motivational interviewing: achieving patient-centered care across the spectrum of health care problems. The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(3), 270-275. Johnson, M., Cowin, L. S. (2013). Nurses discuss bedside handover and using written handover sheets. Journal of nursing management, 21(1), 121-129. Kerr, D., McKay, K., Klim, S., Kelly, A. M., McCann, T. (2014). Attitudes of emergency department patients about handover at the bedside. Journal of clinical nursing, 23(11-12), 1685-1693. Kerr, D., Lu, S., McKinlay, L. (2014). Towards patient?centred care: Perspectives of nurses and midwives regarding shift?to?shift bedside handover. International journal of nursing practice, 20(3), 250-257. Mardis, T., et al., (2016). Bedside shift-to-shift handoffs: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of nursing care quality, 31(1), 54-60. Osborn, R., Moulds, D., Squires, D., Doty, M. M., Anderson, C. (2014). International survey of older adults finds shortcomings in access, coordination, and patient-centered care. Health Affairs, 33(12), 2247-2255. Rathert, C., Wyrwich, M. D., Boren, S. A. (2013). Patient-centered care and outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Medical Care Research and Review, 70(4), 351-379. Tobiano, G., Chaboyer, W., McMurray, A. (2013). Family members perceptions of the nursing bedside handover. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(1-2), 192-200.

The boy who loved Anne Frank By Hellena Feldman free essay sample

About everyone recognizes the name Anne Frank ; it is synonymous with humor, honestness and courage. Her journal has touched 1000000s. I ca nt conceive of anyone non being inspired by her narrative. Ellen Feldman, nevertheless, can. In her novel, The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank, she imagines a adult male who suffers a mental interruption at the mere sight of Anne s published journal. Why would the Hagiographas of a immature miss cause a adult male s mind to disintegrate? Because he is Peter new wave Pels, the male child who hid in the Annex with Anne and her household. He is Peter new wave Pels, the adult male who has tried urgently to bury his yesteryear. In the book s Recognitions subdivision, Feldman, a New York writer, describes her experience sing the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam in 1994. Her tour usher stated that the destinies of all the residents of the Annex were known, they were arrested on 04. We will write a custom essay sample on The boy who loved Anne Frank By Hellena Feldman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page August 1944, except for that of Peter.Ellen Feldman was fascinated by the thought that Peter might hold survived the Holocaust and decided to compose a book about how his life might hold turned out.. By the clip she discovered her usher had been misinformed ( harmonizing to a Dutch Red Cross dossier, Peter died in Mauthausen concentration cantonment on the 5th of may 1945, merely 3 yearss before its release ) , the character had already formed in her head.Peter new wave Pels, whose household name was listed as new wave Daan in THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK, allegedly stated to Anne while they were concealing in their Amsterdam Attic extension during the tallness of WWII that if he got out alive he would reinvent himself wholly. There is no direct grounds that Peter perished in the Nazi decease cantonments although this has been assumed by all who knew him, including Otto Frank so Feldman has taken this guess and built a fictional life around it. Therefore, it is Feldman s creative acti vity we meet in her book. When The Boy Who Loved Anne Frankclears, it is 1952 and an grownup Peter is sitting in a head-shrinker s office. The physician has been consulted to handle the sudden, incomprehensible turn of laryngitis which has seized Peter s organic structure. Much to his discouragement, the head-shrinker insists on peppering him with pathetic inquiries, even asking as to his married woman s reading stuff. Surprisingly, it s the reply to this last enquiry that gives him his reply: Madeleine ( his married woman ) had been reading the newly-published The Diary of A Young Girlby Anne Frank.It turns out that Peter is sing what some professionals call a transition upset, imparting his daze at the sight of Anne s published journal into a hysterical reenactment of his old ages spent whispering in the Secret Annex. The publication of the book causes non merely laryngitis, but a psychotic interruption that has Peter coping with a yesteryear he s worked urgently to bury. Unknown to the Red Cross, he # 8217 ; s escaped the prison cantonments and starts in 1946 when he arrives in New York. After an brush with an Immigration-officer who mistakes him for a heathen he realizes how easy it would be to alter his whole personality, he would nt even hold to lie, all he had had to make was maintain quiet. When he steps off the boat in New York, Peter covers the tattooed figure on his arm, hides his Judaic lineage, and sets out in chase of the American dream. He begins his new life in entire denial of his old one, deletes every memory of it and that with such sufficiency that he eventually is non able to retrieve any more. He neer answers any inquiries about it and starts to populate a prevarication. Peter new wave Daan is now populating in America as Peter new wave Pels and go throughing himself off as Christian. Ironically, the first miss Susannah he falls in love with ultimately culls him because she is Judaic and her household would non be pleased if she married exterior of her religion. Funny plenty, he begins dating her sister, Madeline, and she does non hold an issue with his religion as their wooing finally leads to marriage and a household. His greatest fright is that anyone could happen out that he is Judaic but still he seems to be drawn to the Jewish community. His best friend and subsequently business-partner Harry is Jewish. Peter finds employment in the turning field of Real Estate/Property Management and settles down to a nice suburban life in New Jersey. So non even a decennary subsequently, he has a successful calling, a nice place and an unsuspicious Judaic married woman. His concern is traveling highly good, the twosome have two lovely small misss, a 3rd babe is on the manner ( it will be a male child ) and the hereafter looks bright for Peter new wave Pels. He has hidden his yesteryear so successfully that no one non even Madeleine suspects the strivings he endured during the war.However, Peter is continually haunted in his dreams by his secret and realizes the truth in the avowal that you can non run off from your yesteryear! In 1947, Peter # 8217 ; s worst frights are realized as a novel is released worldwide titled ANNE FRANK: THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL ( subsequently re-titled to fit the play/film, THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK ) . Not merely is Peter horrified that he will be exposed but his ain married woman and girls become fans of the novel. Peter at one point steals the novel and travels a great distance to dispose of it merely to mouse back out into the dark to repossess for himself. Everywhere he goes, people talk about his yesteryear and there s nil he can make about it, because although the adolescent miss who wrote the book is dead, she s a mega-star of international proportions. He feels as a clumsy adolescent who spent more than two old ages locked up in an Amsterdam loft with the Holocaust s most celebrated victim had someway survived the war and come to America seeking namelessness. He reads the novel in secret, furiously turning the pages. While he disagrees with several portraitures within the novel he is moved by its # 8217 ; stalking transitions that hit place for him. Then the journal is published and he feels the past birr around him, a twister that threatens to destruct everything in his carefully-constructed life.Peter # 8217 ; s try to bury his yesteryear, and get down afresh after emigrating to America, merely digs him deeper into the roots he tries to blot out. The events that follow that find are an analogy to the fright Holocaust victims carried with them # 8230 ; concealment, traveling, whispering, running. The book became his stepping rock backwards, forwards, and backwards once more into fright and abhorrence. With memories stalking H is every measure, Peter begins floging out. He knows he should state his household the truth, but he s despairing to maintain them anon. , safe.As his memories of the War become harder to get away, he becomes obsessed with salvaging adequate money to let his household to run off in instance they come back. He keeps the money in a safe at place and gets up to number it in the center of the dark. He’s besides obsessed with non blowing nutrient – there is a scene in peculiar that greatly touched and disturbed me. He yells at his married woman and at his amazed little girls and tells them that they don’t know what hungriness is. It’s true, they don’t. Finally, the drama version of the fresh becomes a large hit as THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK hits Broadway. Many people, including Anne’s male parent, Otto Frank, object to the actress dramatis personae as Mrs. Frank who is a non-Jew. Peter has even more expostulation with Otto Frank who he feels watered down and tainted many transitions of Anne’s Diary. Specifically, he is non at all pleased with his male parent, Mr. van Daan, being portrayed as stealer who stole staff of life from the closets at dark, thereby striping the remainder of those in concealing from much needed nutriment. Madeliene describes a peculiar event portion of the fancied narrative, although she does nt cognize that in the play: It was the most atrocious scene. One dark Mrs. Frank hears a noise and gets up, and there s Mr. van Daan [ In her diary, Anne uses van Daan to conceal the individuality of Peter s household, the new wave Pels ] , the male parent of the male child Ann s in love with, stealing staff of life from the closet. All the clip they thought it was the rats, it was truly him. He. Taking nutrient out of his ain kid s oral cavity. Can you conceive of? ( p. 149 ) The journal has caused plenty jobs, but Peter ca nt digest the idea of America consuming a horrid prevarication about his male parent. He snaps. Otto Frank chooses to convey the writer of the drama version of Anne # 8217 ; s Diary, Meyer Levin, to tribunal. Levin will subsequently travel on to write the book, THE STOLEN LEGACY OF ANNE FRANK: MEYER LEVIN, LILLIAN HELLMAN AND THE STAGING OF THE DIARY, which continues to demo contention with Otto Frank # 8217 ; s redaction of his girl # 8217 ; s original work. Peter is intrigued by this tribunal instance and sends a note to Otto Frank certifying to his true individuality and naming his grudges with the emended version of The Diary. Mr. Frank # 8217 ; s legal representative writes Peter back proposing that his caricature of person that was affectionately to Mr. Frank was non appreciated and farther correspondence will take to legal action. Peter shows up at the courtroom during the Otto Frank/Meyer Levin instance and runs into an aged adult female who besides has issue with Mr. Frank # 8217 ; s edited Diary. This adult female introduces herself to Peter as the married woman of the character falsely named Pfeffer in both the Diary and the Play. Torn between stating the truth and protecting his household, Peter spirals out of control. On the threshold of divorce and mental dislocation, Peter makes a scene during the test of Otto Frank, which seals his destiny. He has no pick but to uncover his individuality, but stating the truth means memory, and retrieving agencies confronting memories so agonizing they could oppress him forever.You could state that the more popular Anne # 8217 ; s narrative gets the more Peter # 8217 ; s state of affairs worsens. He eventually becomes a menace to himself and his household and has to make up ones mind whether to accept his yesteryear with all the effects or to give up on remaining alive. As I mentioned before, I was about 12/13 old ages old when I read Anne # 8217 ; s Diaries for the first clip. Thankss to Ellen Feldman # 8217 ; s researches I could obtain a batch more information about the people who used to populate with Anne and Peter in the Secret extension. Especially Peter # 8217 ; s parents and Fritz Pfeiffer ( Dussel ) are shown in a wholly new position so in Anne # 8217 ; s journals and they lose all the amusing features they ve gained through Anne # 8217 ; s descriptions. This difference in between how those individuals have been characterized in Anne # 8217 ; s journals and Ellen Feldman # 8217 ; s book made me even more realize how immature Anne was when she wrote her books. The manner she depicts Peter # 8217 ; s increasing paranoia is singular. This book besides allowed me to larn about all the events that followed the publication of Anne Frank # 8217 ; s book in America. I didn # 8217 ; t know that Otto Frank had been involved in a case. Pete r # 8217 ; s emotional reaction to the whole thing was interesting to see, and Ellen Feldman raises some interesting inquiry about how the journal was ( and still is ) received and responded to. In my sentiment this book is highly good researched particularly when it comes to covering with the post-traumatic experiences which most subsisters of the Holocaust had to travel through. It shows clearly that for most of them it was nt wholly merely joy and felicity for holding survived after their release, but that for most of them, even so their life styles would alter dramatically, the agony neer ends. Feldman inside informations the historical, and small known facts sing the journal of Anne Frank. She gives the audience a position of, # 8220 ; what if # 8221 ; . What if Peter had survived? What would his life have been like if he had survived? The flow of the narrative shows how the male child, Peter, grew into an grownup. The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank leaves one to inquire whether promises made as a adolescent should be kept as we grow and mature. The writer analyzes that factor and how it plays into Peter # 8217 ; s life. The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank is a singular narrative about fright, isolation, loss, the weight of memory and what it means to retrieve # 8211 ; and how possibly we remember some things in order to bury others more easy. Largely, it s merely what its screen proclaims it to be: A Novel of Remembering and Forgetting. It s trim, challenging and utterly moving. It s non an easy read, but it s one you wo nt shortly bury. ANNE FRANK # 8220 ; Everyone has inside of him a piece of good intelligence. The good intelligence is that you don # 8217 ; t cognize how great you can be! How much you can love! What you can carry through! And what your possible is! # 8220 ; Anne Frank # 8221 ; I don # 8217 ; t believe of all the wretchedness but of the beauty that still remains. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I merely can # 8217 ; t construct my hopes on a foundation of confusion, wretchedness and decease # 8230 ; I think # 8230 ; peace and tranquility will return again. # 8221 ; -Anne Frank

The Artistic Aesthetics of Monet and Degas essays

The Artistic Aesthetics of Monet and Degas essays Although from the same artist group, the Impressionists originated from backgrounds that seemed worlds apart. Claude Monet, known as the "Master Impressionist" varied the themes in his artwork more than any other artist did. Monet's work "Impression Sunrise", of which the term "Impressionist" originates also gives rise to the title "Master Impressionist." Edgar Degas started his career as an artist with nothing in common with Monet but the era in which they lived. From themes to brushstrokes and choices of colours, Monet and Degas started their relationship as Impressionist artists on opposite ends of the earth. However, towards the climax of their lives as artists, Monet aided Degas in adopting Impressionist Aesthetic qualities. Monet chose to depict exquisite landscapes from his own gardens and elsewhere, particularly in France. He uses small, elegant brush strokes and vibrant colour to match the scenes he paints. In the mid-1870's, Monet's influence over Degas lead Degas to lean his colour choices nearer to those of other Impressionists. In addition to this, Degas began employing pastels, which gave his works a more granular affect that more closely resembled those of other Impressionists. For numerous years in his life, after attempting to paint his the first of his famous "Haystacks", and, being unable to seize the right shading or colours due to the rising sun, Monet was intrigued by the affect of weather and light on his outdoor projects. On the other hand, Degas, although also concentrated mainly in France, based his works on people, nudes and ballerinas in particular. Monet never painted a nude. Monet and Degas' earlier works have notably different brush stroke styles. While Monet has tended to lean towards the short, choppy and yet delicate, Degas' strokes blended virtuously unnoticeable. However, these seem to correspond with their earlier themes and objectives. Monet mastered the art of illus...

Tourism industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Classical and Structural Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Classical and Structural Realism - Essay Example This paper aims to discuss and analyze Classical and Structural Realism. It compares and contrasts these two branches of Realism. With the use of relevant examples and appropriate analysis, it is hoped that the differences and similarities between the two can be thoroughly discussed. In this analysis, the US behavior was used as a model due to the fact that it is the world’s lone superpower and is thus the main actor in the play called international relations. Before discussing Classical and Structural Realism, it is appropriate and proper to first define what Realism is. This approach provides a rational and realistic view of how international affairs are acted. It is based on the way things are done and not on the way things should be done. The way it views the world’s international affairs utilizes that of a scientific method – based on facts and not in abstract ideas, based on the analysis of the causes and consequences of the events. It is logical and not im aginary. Machiavelli captured the essence of Realism with the following statement. An example of an international event that is viewed as using the â€Å"imaginary† and â€Å"utopian† approach is that of the Kellogg –Briand Pact which outlawed any more wars. This was a consequence of the bitter experience of World War I. The proponents unrealistically assumed that war would never happen again and that the signatories would comply with what they have agreed upon. An example of a realistic view was provided by Waltz when he viewed the spread of nuclear weapons.

Privacy Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy Policies - Essay Example For instances it could be the illustration of a website offering information regarding the exercise of personal information, mainly personal information gathered by means of the website by the website owner. Privacy policies frequently encircle facts of what personal information is gathered how the personal information probably will be utilized, the persons to whom the personal information may be revealed, the safety actions taken to defend the personal information, and whether the website employs cookies and/or web bugs.1 A number of websites as well identify their privacy policies by means of P3P or Internet Content Rating Association that is also acknowledged as ICRA, facilitating browsers to without human intervention appraises the level of privacy presented by the site. For this paper the first web site I have selected is the â€Å"www.attwireless.com.† is business website of the AT&T Wireless Inc. AT&T Wireless is the major independently traded wireless mover in the US. AT&T Wireless functions one of the biggest digital wireless networks in North America. AT&T has in the order of 18 million subscribers, and complete-year 2001 revenues of 13.6 billion dollars, AT&T Wireless is enthusiastic to being amongst the preliminary to bring the next generation of wireless goods and services. Nowadays, AT&T Wireless presents customers high-class wireless voice and data communications services and services in the United States, and globally. AT&T Wireless consumers’ gain is the companys declaration to make sure that customers have the exact equipment, the correct calling arrangement, and the correct customer services options these days and tomorrow. For additional services and information you can visit their web site: www.attwireless.com.2 This privacy policy tackles the privacy of AT&T family of company’s buy and sells consumers and web guests in the US, apart

Socio-economic Influences on Health

Socio-economic Influences on Health Scenario You are employed by the Public Health England as an assistant to the regional Public health officer in UK. Your manager has asked you to produce a report on why the life expectancy of individuals in the Midlands is lower than the London. Your report should cover AC 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (Evidence type-Report) AC 1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. Your report should highlight the reasons for the difference in life expectancy for the two regions M1. The term socio-economic has been developed from the sociology and economic disciplines which, respectively, explore and examine people which comprise society and the economy which encapsulates finance. Together, social and economic factors, their interaction is examined to identify its impact and/influence on outcomes such as health. Socio-economic factors include income/low or no income, employment/unemployment, the environment, access to information, and citizenship status. The availability of jobs, and the type of jobs, is, in the main, the factor which impacts on life expectancy. Income is derived from employment, whether self or external, and with income housing can either be purchased or rented, food can be bought and citizenship issues can be resolved; albeit across a range such as the quality of food and housing stock. However, it is quite often the case that without income acquiring food, clothing and shelter is problematic. Over many years the main industries, which allowed families to manage their lives, have been either reduced or eliminated across the UK, and more so in some areas than in others. In the Midlands many of the textile industries no longer exist, as too the car manufacturing industries, and training in new technologies, available in other areas of the UK such as London, has either not been made available or is available in specific areas as opposed to all areas. Hence, without investment in other technologies by both the private and public sector jobs in areas such as the Midlands are limited; educated Midlands people whose voice may have been heard in demanding better civic services, such as in regular weekly bin collection, are no longer heard as many migrate to London for employment, and/or better employment opportunities. High socio-economic factors almost guarantees good health in that the quality of food is most likely to be nutritious and with ready access to health information, whether in text or through networking such as having a neighbour who is a doctor or a medical researcher, high socio-economic individuals will manage and monitor their health with regular visit to alternative practitioners and gyms as they practise a preventative health lifestyle to avoid negative socio-economic health conditions. Obviously, some health conditions cannot be prevented if they are hereditary but, conditions linked to obesity for example, are more likely to be avoided with the assistance of a physical fitness trainer for example. In so doing, obesity is avoided and linked lifestyle conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and hypertension can either be avoided or delayed. This may not be the case with those living with low incomes, either owing to poorly paid employment positions or unemployment. Such people would n ot be able to afford a personal trainer who may also assist them in constructing a menu conducive to a healthy lifestyle; notably not all vegetables are of the same nutritious quality so even if low income families are eating healthily they may not be eating quality health food when compared with those with a high income (Fowajuh, 2007; Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2011). Based on available employment opportunities, it would be safe to claim that high income individuals/families are more likely to be found in London than in the Midlands, with the observation that life expectancy being greater in London than in the Midlands. Along with the quality of food purchased, and opportunities to purchase help to support a healthy physical regime, is the issue of housing. Low income individuals may have to content themselves with having a roof over their heads, irrespective of damp which brings on mould, poor heating and a generally unpleasant environment. Conditions, as stated in previous sentence, impacts on respiratory health, and if a child grows up in such conditions, these conditions can either exacerbate asthma or increase the chances of developing it, with long-term effects into adulthood and quite limiting life expectancy. A child from a high income family may have asthma but the chances of his or her home environment aggravating the condition is quite minimal, if at all. In addition, those with high disposable incomes are more likely to live in hospital trust areas which are well resourced and well-funded, and if not they are more likely to make a fuss to try and force a change or have the know how to de mand a second opinion or go to the private sector; Low income individuals are unlikely to do the same and most certainly will not have the finance to go private Quite, unfortunately, socio-economic factors, which are greatly affected by income leave certain regions in the UK at the mercy of those dispensing healthcare, whether it is adequate and fit for purpose or not, hence the discrepancy in life expectancy in regions such as London and the Midlands. In essence, the central socio-economic factor, Money buys goods and services that improve health. The money families have, the better the goods and services they can buy. [and] For various reasons, people on low incomes are more likely to adopt unhealthy behaviours smoking and drinking, for example while those on higher incomes are more able to afford healthier lifestyles (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2014). AC 1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England There are many various government sources reporting on the levels of health experienced by public service users across England. These sources include Health Survey for England (HSFE), Acheson Report Independent Inquiry in Inequalities in Health (1998), Census Data and Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS). These sources, with the exception of the Census Data, provide a snapshot of health of public health service users in England. The information acquired from these different sources assist the government in its decision making when allocating health related funding to the various regions in England, recognising that the variation in health needs, or to be precise health inequalities, within one particular region may be as great, or greater than, the variation in needs between regions. In a blog, on the Guardian website in 2010, the following statement partly explains the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England in that It has been said that each stop on the District line to east London cuts life expectancy by a year (Guardian, 2010). The District line runs through some of the most expensive areas in London through to some of the most deprived. Drawing on statistics produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), this same blog highlighted the following: the average life expectancy age of a man in London is 78.6; however along the District Line, from west to east, the following boroughs showed variants around this average age, as follows: Ealing 78.9 Hammersmith Fulham 78.1 Kensington Chelsea 84.4 Westminster 83.4 Tower Hamlets 76.0 Newham 76.2 Barking and Dagenham 76.5 (Guardian, 2010). In an NHS study on life expectancy it was observed that Money may not buy you happiness, but it is linked to good health (NHS, 2015). Notably, this report considered the North-South divide in England, but this observation is very much applicable to the findings included in the Guardian blog above. Either side of the two richest boroughs in England, Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, the link between money and health, in London, is clear. At the west end of the District line male life expectancy differs from the London average by tenths of a percentage point; Ealing being six tenths of a percentage point higher, while Hammersmith and Fulham is five tenths of a percentage point lower. Overall family income levels are not as high in these two boroughs when compared with Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, however, family income levels are higher than those in Tower Hamlets, Newham and Barking Dagenham which have all been classed, at various times, as deprived boroughs (Hill, 2015). Although, the examples of life expectancy above are for men in London, the point should not be missed that money, or to be precise the lack of money, does play a part in health inequalities. Thus, it is undoubtedly necessary for the government to be fully conversant with the varying conditions of wealth, which impact health outcomes, across England. In this way, funding and resources should be deployed to areas experiencing inequalities in health, and in so doing health inequalities should be address for the benefit of the population most in need of public funded health care. AC 1.3 Discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. There are many reasons why there are barriers to accessing healthcare. These reasons include a lack of education, information, funding for staff and facilities and mobility, plus limited or no access to GPs and other health professionals. In detail, there is a somewhat convoluted cycle of lack which may results in those with the most health needs not receiving the necessary medical attention. A lack of education may prevent a potential public service user from accessing and/or receiving the relevant information even if it is available, which may assist them in making an informed decision as to which health professional could be seen first. In England, now, a pharmacist could be the first point of call, avoiding possible long waits to see a GP. Therefore, simple and treatable conditions could get worst while awaiting a GP appointment. Without the appropriate information a public service user may not know that a certain question should be asked; it is difficult to ask a question if one is ignorant of the fact that a question should be asked. Lack of information, along with restricted numbers in staffing contributes to ignorance in health related conditions, since the staff which could possibly mitigate the outcomes, arising from no written information by sharing that information in discussion, may have been cut owing to limited and/or reduced funding. Funding, or the lack of it, reduces staffing levels and the appropriate facilities to address public health issues. Funding also impacts on GP availability if a health trust decides to cut funding per patient to a GP; in this way GPs may be reluctant to accept new patients, or reduce surgery cover which may impact on the services provided by other health professionals linked to a surgery. Without a nearby and accessible surgery, those service users with mobility issue s may find it a struggle to attend the nearest surgery which requires a journey involving two or more changes using public transport. Whatever the reason, or combination of reasons, for being unable to access healthcare, most negative outcomes are probably quite preventable, and as such more costly to the public health providers when corrective action must be taken. REFERENCES Fowajuh, G. (2007) West Midlands Key Health Data 2007/08 Chapter Ten: Inequalities in Life Expectancies in the West Midlands Available online at  http://medweb4.bham.ac.uk/websites/key_health_data/2007/ch_10.htm  accessed on 27/02/17 Hill, D. (2015) Londons Poorest Boroughs Once Again Prepare to Make the Biggest Cuts Available online at  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2015/feb/23/londons-poorest-boroughs-once-again-prepare-to-make-the-biggest-cuts accessed 27/02/2017 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2011) Does Income Inequality Cause Health and Social Problems? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/does-income-inequality-cause-health-and-social-problems accessed on 27/02/17 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2014) How does Money Influence Health? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-does-money-influence-health accessed on 27/02/17 NHS (2015) Study Finds North-South Divide in UK Life Expectancy Available online at http://www.nhs.uk/news/2015/09September/Pages/Study-finds-North-South-divide-in-UK-life-expectancy.aspx accessed on 27/02/17

Discussing Bresslers definition of Marxism as a literary theory :: essays papers

Discussing Bresslers definition of Marxism as a literary theory Marxism is not the hot topic it once was. With the collapse of Communist U.S.S.R., mainstream North America had thought it had seen the last of Marxism and the communist party. However, with the People's Republic of China becoming a reality, those early beliefs may have proven to be premature. Defining Marxism is not difficult. Marxism is the belief that the common workingman (the proletariat) is under a rule of tyranny by the upper class owners (the bourgeois.) Someday (according to Marx) the proletariats will rise up, overthrow the bourgeois and create a society of communism. Communism is the political idea in where a society would be controlled mostly by the government. Personal property would not be allowed and therefore eliminate the bourgeois; a utopian society in which every man works for the common good. Marxists believe that (based on the works of Karl H. Marx) everything we do or think is influenced by the bourgeois. This is simple. Marxism becomes difficult when defining it as a literary theory. The original intentions of Marx were those of social and political revolution. Many of Marx's followers however, were and are scholars. Therefore the transition from a social economic theory to a school of literary criticism was inevitable. Charles Bressler is faced with this seeming difficult task of defining Marxism as a literary school of thought. Bressler attempts to define and explain Marxism as a school of literary thought by examining past Marxists, the assumptions which one must adopt and the methodology (as he does with every chapter.) He succeeds in some places and fails in others. Bressler's definition of Marxism is as follows, "[the belief] that reality itself can be can be defined and understood, society shapes our consciousness, social and economic conditions directly influence how and what we believe and value, and Marxism details a plan for changing the world from a place of bigotry, hatred and conflict due to class struggle to a classless society where wealth, opportunity, and education are accessible for all people". Bressler does a decent job here. He defines Marxism as it was originally intended: an economic and social view of culture and its influences. He provides a clear, simple definition of Marxism which is easily understandable. After this however, Bressler's chapter begins to fall apart. He succeeds in giving a brief description of Marxist events and theorists, but fails in his assumptions and methodology.